The Pathology Of Multiple Sclerosis - 1727 Words

The Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS) through cellular immune response and the demyelination of CNS white matter (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633). The initial causes of MS are unknown however, it is believed that it could possibly be due to an immune response to an initiating infection or an autoimmune response to CNS antigens on the myelin itself (Brà ¼ck, 2005) (Miljković and Spasojević, 2013). MS is a result of the degradation of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons and therefore disrupts the transmission of action potentials along these cells. MS can display itself in the form of symptoms ranging from muscle weakness to trouble with sensation and coordination (NHS, 2016). The degradation of myelin leads the body to attempt to remyelinate the neurons, a process that in turn leads to the thickening of the cell by glial cells and this causes lesions to form (Chari, 2007). It is this thickening (sclerae) from which the disease gets its name. Sufferers of MS can either have a relapsing type of MS, in which there are episodes that lead to the worsening of symptoms for a period of time, or a progressive type of MS where symptoms gradually progress and worsen (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633). Manifestations Within the Body and Pathophysiology MS is characterized by the destruction of myelin, inflammation in the CNS and the formation of lesions in the CNS.Show MoreRelatedThe Mechanics Of Multiple Sclerosis Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesthe real expressions of Multiple Sclerosis. These neurological symptoms were first identified in the early 14th and 15th centuries. The immune system attacks the myelin of the brain spinal cord causing a cessation or misinterpretation of communication with the rest of the body. Due to this destruction or damage to the myelin, scar tissue forms and there central nervous system cannot communicate with the body effectively. This is the mechanics of Multiple Sclerosis, a disease that affectsRead MoreEssay on An Overview of Multiple Sclerosis2251 Words   |  10 PagesAn overview of the chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease: Multiple sclerosis BACKGROUND The central nervous system (CNS) comprises grey matter, which contains neuron cell bodies and white matter, which contains the nerve axons. Most of the nerve axons are concentrically wrapped around by lipid-rich biological membrane, known as the myelin sheath. In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocyte. a type of glial cell. (Pfeiffer et al., 1993). These electrical insulating, multilamellar membranesRead MoreEssay On Astrocytic Hamartomas930 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of other lesions associated with pathologies, thus further testing must be performed in order to move forward with treatment. They can be easily confused as optic nerve drusen if they originate from the optic nerve head, resulting in the importance of optical coherence technology for diagnosis3. The application of optical coherence technology allows visualization of the different layers of the optic nerve head to differentiate the two pathologies. Astrocytic hamartomas are associated withRead More Patalogy of the Central Nevrvous System: Multiple Sclerosis1213 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple Sclerosis: Pathology of the Central Nervous System Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that commonly found in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40. While men with MS tend to have a faster progressing disease, women are more likely than men to develop it. MS comes in many forms due to the extent of the damage and the amount of lesions, along with how quickly it progresses. All of this collectively forms the MS community today and has resulted in new test methods and forms ofRead MoreSpeech Amyotrophic Lateral Disease : Is A Chronic And Terminal Disease That Affects The Lower And Upper Motor Neurons1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is being used to slow down this disease. â€Æ' Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis In The United States In this decade, there have been several fatal diseases that have affected many Americans in the United States. Some of these diseases are easily curable, and others are terminal with no current treatments. One of these diseases that remain without a cure is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig’s disease is a chronic, terminal and unchangeably lethal neurodegenerativeRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis1215 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple sclerosis, or MS, is a chronic, autoimmune, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Its etiology is unknown, but a combination of environmental and genetic factors is likely responsible for its development. MS occurs when one’s immune system attacks the fatty protein myelin, which insulates and protects the axons of oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord. Damage to this sheath can cause the miscommunication between these oligodendrocytes and the rest of the bodyRead MoreDiagnosis And Management Of Patients Suffering From Neurological Disease3148 Words   |  13 Pagesaid in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from neurological disease. This experiment investigates the mechanisms behind two pathologies pertaining to channelopathies and demyelination: epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. This is done using a patch clamp technique, a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. Conditions were simulated using computer software to test the hypothesized mechanism behind epilepsy with understandingRead MoreEssay On Image Processing977 Words   |  4 Pagesapplications towards diseased brain, 2) investigating the relationship between brain structure and function and cognitive performance in both healthy and diseased brain such as multiple sclerosis (MS), 3) investigating the neurophysiological bases of brain white matter signals; 4) developing potential biomarker fo r multiple sclerosis using iron sensitive MRI measures. Past Research: My PhD thesis combined the development of MRI methods and their applications to patients with MS. The main goal was toRead MoreDementi A Clinical State Caused By Neurodegeneration Essay720 Words   |  3 Pages dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-aging) is prevalent in people of advance age, manifests with distinct neuropathological properties, and can be present with or without other dementia causes and vascular diseases [1]. Although HS-aging is poorly understood, this phenomena may describe a proportion of non-AD dementia [2]. The prevalence of HS-aging pathology ranges from 5 to 30% in older people [3-6]. HS-aging is generally diagnosedRead MoreCardiac Rhabdomyomatous Dysplasia in a Heifer Essays1687 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom a congested liver that passed inspection, other lesions were not recognized in the carcass. The official veterinarian thought that the heart lesion could be a scar. Two samples fixed by immersion in 10% buffered formalin, were submitted to the pathology lab. The samples were processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4  µm and stained by HE. Furthermore, special stains such as PAS, Masson trichrome, and Giemsa were carried out. Macroscopically the lesion was whitish to grayish, more